PRE-ROMAN AND ROMAN HISPANIA

KEY WORDS

-Hispania: Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula; phoenician origin "land of rabbits".

-Romanisation: Process that involves adopting Roman culture and way of life.

-Celtics: Pre- Roman peoples settled in the north west of the Peninsula and Balearic Islands.

-Iberians: Pre- Roman peoples settled in the east and south of the Peninsula and Balearic Islands.

-Phoenicians: Coloniser peoples who fight against romans to take control of the Iberian Peninsula.

VOCABULARY

 raw materials, mining, tribe, provinces, colonisers, defensive walls, wealth, enclave, widespread

KEY WORDS AND VOCABULARY: ANCIENT ROME

KEY WORDS

Commemorative column:Column that is not part of a building, it was built to commemorate various events, such as military victories. Ex: Trajan´s column.

Mosaic: Form of decoration for floors and walls; usually made of small, square pieces of marble, glass or pottery.

Aqueduct: Building to take water to the cities. They had one or several tiers of arches supported by pillars. Ex: Aqueduct of Segovia.

Basilica: Building where took place meetings and trials and commercial activities. Ex: Basilica of Majencio.

Amphitheatre: Building where took place gladiator and animal fights and also simulated naval combats. Ex: Colosseum.

Circus: Building for chariot races, rectangular shape. Ex: Circus Maximus.

Triumphal arches: Commemorative building, it had several entrance. Ex: Arch of Titus.

Theatre: Building where actors performed comedies and tragedies, semicircular shape. Ex: Theatre of Emerita Augusta.

Thermal baths: Public baths with several rooms: changing room (apodyterium), warn room (tepidarium), cold room (frigidarium), hot room (caldarium). Ex: Baths of Caracalla.

Temple: House of the gods, rectangular or circular shape. Ex. Maison Carré.

Catacomb: Underground passageway where the first Christians held their ceremonies and buried their dead in secret.

Villa: Large country house, consisting of a farm and residential buildings built around a courtyard.

Christianity: Religion founded by Jesus Christ in the 1st century A.D.

Senate: Roman institution during the Republic responsible for foreign policy and also controlled the army, religion, the law and the courts.

Monarchy: Form of government in which the highest authority is the king or queen, who usually inherits his or her position.

Republic: Form of government in which citizens or and assambley of representatives elect the people who governed them.

Patricians: Minority of the roman population, they held all political rights and they were very rich. Senators, magistrates, landowners...

Plebeians: The majority of the population, they demanded the same political rights as the patricians.

VOCABULARY

idealised, realistic, relief, mortar, arches, vault, column, shape, gladiator, calendar, legislation, treatise, spread, deity, edict, cardo, decumanus, forum, grid system, debt, slaves, tenant farmers, salted food, fallow, conquests, barbarian invasions, colony, to be founded, depose

KEY WORDS AND VOCABULARY: ANCIENT GREECE

KEY WORDS

Colony: In Ancient Greece, territory occupied and administrated by a group of people from a polis.

Poleis: Small city states with their own governments ruling over certain areas.

Aristocracy: Term of Greek origin meaning "government of the best"; in practice, the word referred to the governing nobles and landowners.

Democracy: Term of Greek origin meaning "government of the people", it was established in Athens.

Oligarchy: Term of Greek origin meaning "government of a little group of people", it was stablished in Sparta.

Agora: Public square in Ancient Greece cities.

Acropolis: It was a religious space on the highest part of the city. The most famous is the Acropolis of Athens.

Mythology: Collection of stories about gods and heroes from the Ancient World.

Temples: Buildings dedicated to the gods, as  the Partenon.

Tombs: Could be very decorative, like the Mausoleum in the city of Halicarnassus.

Theatres: The place where they showed comedies and tragedies.

Stadiums: Places where they held races and fights between athletes.

Hippodrome: Place where there was horse-racing and chariot-racing.

Gymnasiums: Places where they did physical education.

Doric Style: It is the simplest. The column has no base. The shaft is wider at the bottom than at the top and has 20 sides. The capital is smooth.

Ionic Style: The column has base and the capital is decorated with scrolls. The  shaft is taller than the Doric column and has more sides.

Corinthian Style: The column is more decorative than the others. The shaft is thinner than in the Ionic and Doric styles, and has 24 sides. The capital is adorned with acantus leaves.

VOCABULARY

independence, colonisation, civilisation, citizen, merchant, peasant, lawmaker, tyrant, army, conquer,
kingdom, empire, foreigner, oracle, cornice, capital, shaft, base.

HAPPY CHRISTMAS HOLIDAYS

HISTORICAL DAY: THE DISCOVERY OF TUTANKHAMUN TOMB

Discovery of tutankhamun tomb from stchistarte

KEY WORDS AND VOCABULARY:EARLY CIVILISATIONS

KEY WORDS

 

Civilisation: ideas, sciences, arts, customs, beliefs, etc., that characterise a human group, such as people or nation.

 

Mesopotamia: historical region in Asia, In Greek the name means "land between two rivers".

 

 

Egypt: historical civilisation in Africa, located in a large desert crossed from north to south by the long river Nile.

 Kingdom: territory ruled by a King or Queen.

 

City state: city and surrounding lands, with its own independent system of political organisation.

 

Divination: finding out about the future by interpreting signs.

 

Ziggurats: very high buildings, with tiered towers, connected by stairs. At the top, there was an astronomical observatory.

Dynasty: series of rulers from the same family.

Craftwork: technique of making objects and products by hand, using simple tools and traditional methods.

Polytheist: someone who believes in various gods.

Mummify: prepare dead bodies so that they are preserved and do not decompose.

Sphinx: mythical animal, generally with a human head, neck and chest, but a lion´s body and legs.

Mastabas: type of egyptian tomb, used to bury pharaohs and important public servants. They were built in the form of a flat-topped pyramid and contained an offerings chamber with a statue of the dead.

Pyramids: type of egyptian tomb, formed a labyrinth of romos and passageways, the body was surrounded by treasure. Examples: pyramids of Cheops, Khafre and Menkaure.

Hypogea: underground tombs carved out the rock, with various passageways leading to the funerary chamber of pharaoh.

Temple: religious egyptian buildings dedicated to the gods, where the priests lived. Example: Temple of Luxor.

Rock Temples: temples carved out of rock. Example: Temple of Abu Simbel.

VOCABULARY

government, harvest, tax, army, trade, public administration, law, conquer, dykes, canals, scribe, herdsman, astronomy, statue, relief, papyrus, column, fresco, tempera.

FRANZ FERDINAND SONG

As I promised you a Franz Ferdinand song, "All for you Sophia". 

What do you think are they singing about?