UNIT 1. PLANET EARTH

KEY WORDS

Planet: Celestial body without its own light, which revolves around a star such as the Sun.

 Map: Representation, usually on a plane surface, of part of Earth´s surface.

Time zones: Each of the 24 sections into which the Earth´s surface is divided to establish the time in different areas of the globe.

Hemisphere: Two halves of the Earth divided by the Equator.

 

Latitude: Is the distance between any point on the Earth´s surface and parallel 0º. It can be north or south, its maximun value is 90º.
Longitude: Is the distance between any point on the Earth´s surface and the 0º meridian. It can be east or west. Its maximum value is 180º.

ROTATION MOVEMENT

REVOLUTION MOVEMENT

Equinox: Times of year when day and night are the same lenght on the entire planet because the Sun is over the Equator.

Solstice: Time of year when the Sun is directly over one of the tropics, With the sun over the nearest tropic, the longest day and shortest night result on that hemisphere. Over the furthest tropic, the shortest day and longest night occur.

VOCABULARY

surface, axis, set, rise, rotation, revolution, leap year, globe, geographic coordinates, degree, official time, projection, scale.

MAPS OF SPAIN

 

SAINT PATRICK´S DAY

Yesterday we have celebrated Saint Patrick Day!!

PRE-ROMAN AND ROMAN HISPANIA

KEY WORDS

-Hispania: Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula; phoenician origin "land of rabbits".

-Romanisation: Process that involves adopting Roman culture and way of life.

-Celtics: Pre- Roman peoples settled in the north west of the Peninsula and Balearic Islands.

-Iberians: Pre- Roman peoples settled in the east and south of the Peninsula and Balearic Islands.

-Phoenicians: Coloniser peoples who fight against romans to take control of the Iberian Peninsula.

VOCABULARY

 raw materials, mining, tribe, provinces, colonisers, defensive walls, wealth, enclave, widespread

KEY WORDS AND VOCABULARY: ANCIENT ROME

KEY WORDS

Commemorative column:Column that is not part of a building, it was built to commemorate various events, such as military victories. Ex: Trajan´s column.

Mosaic: Form of decoration for floors and walls; usually made of small, square pieces of marble, glass or pottery.

Aqueduct: Building to take water to the cities. They had one or several tiers of arches supported by pillars. Ex: Aqueduct of Segovia.

Basilica: Building where took place meetings and trials and commercial activities. Ex: Basilica of Majencio.

Amphitheatre: Building where took place gladiator and animal fights and also simulated naval combats. Ex: Colosseum.

Circus: Building for chariot races, rectangular shape. Ex: Circus Maximus.

Triumphal arches: Commemorative building, it had several entrance. Ex: Arch of Titus.

Theatre: Building where actors performed comedies and tragedies, semicircular shape. Ex: Theatre of Emerita Augusta.

Thermal baths: Public baths with several rooms: changing room (apodyterium), warn room (tepidarium), cold room (frigidarium), hot room (caldarium). Ex: Baths of Caracalla.

Temple: House of the gods, rectangular or circular shape. Ex. Maison Carré.

Catacomb: Underground passageway where the first Christians held their ceremonies and buried their dead in secret.

Villa: Large country house, consisting of a farm and residential buildings built around a courtyard.

Christianity: Religion founded by Jesus Christ in the 1st century A.D.

Senate: Roman institution during the Republic responsible for foreign policy and also controlled the army, religion, the law and the courts.

Monarchy: Form of government in which the highest authority is the king or queen, who usually inherits his or her position.

Republic: Form of government in which citizens or and assambley of representatives elect the people who governed them.

Patricians: Minority of the roman population, they held all political rights and they were very rich. Senators, magistrates, landowners...

Plebeians: The majority of the population, they demanded the same political rights as the patricians.

VOCABULARY

idealised, realistic, relief, mortar, arches, vault, column, shape, gladiator, calendar, legislation, treatise, spread, deity, edict, cardo, decumanus, forum, grid system, debt, slaves, tenant farmers, salted food, fallow, conquests, barbarian invasions, colony, to be founded, depose

KEY WORDS AND VOCABULARY: ANCIENT GREECE

KEY WORDS

Colony: In Ancient Greece, territory occupied and administrated by a group of people from a polis.

Poleis: Small city states with their own governments ruling over certain areas.

Aristocracy: Term of Greek origin meaning "government of the best"; in practice, the word referred to the governing nobles and landowners.

Democracy: Term of Greek origin meaning "government of the people", it was established in Athens.

Oligarchy: Term of Greek origin meaning "government of a little group of people", it was stablished in Sparta.

Agora: Public square in Ancient Greece cities.

Acropolis: It was a religious space on the highest part of the city. The most famous is the Acropolis of Athens.

Mythology: Collection of stories about gods and heroes from the Ancient World.

Temples: Buildings dedicated to the gods, as  the Partenon.

Tombs: Could be very decorative, like the Mausoleum in the city of Halicarnassus.

Theatres: The place where they showed comedies and tragedies.

Stadiums: Places where they held races and fights between athletes.

Hippodrome: Place where there was horse-racing and chariot-racing.

Gymnasiums: Places where they did physical education.

Doric Style: It is the simplest. The column has no base. The shaft is wider at the bottom than at the top and has 20 sides. The capital is smooth.

Ionic Style: The column has base and the capital is decorated with scrolls. The  shaft is taller than the Doric column and has more sides.

Corinthian Style: The column is more decorative than the others. The shaft is thinner than in the Ionic and Doric styles, and has 24 sides. The capital is adorned with acantus leaves.

VOCABULARY

independence, colonisation, civilisation, citizen, merchant, peasant, lawmaker, tyrant, army, conquer,
kingdom, empire, foreigner, oracle, cornice, capital, shaft, base.

HAPPY CHRISTMAS HOLIDAYS

HISTORICAL DAY: THE DISCOVERY OF TUTANKHAMUN TOMB

Discovery of tutankhamun tomb from stchistarte